Russia 2015 Ships ,WW-I Russian Warships, Destroyer "NOVIK",Sc # 7672,VF MNH**
History:
The first ship of its class, Novik was completed in 1910 at the Putilovsky Plant. She was originally designed by AG Vulcan Stettin. The class included 52 other ships in four groups:
Novik was one of the best ships of the type during the First World War. Novik -class ships were the first destroyers to be powered by oil instead of coal. When first commissioned she was the fastest ship in the world.
Новик (бронепалубный крейсер)
«Нови́к» — русский «малый» бронепалубный крейсер II ранга, по английской классификации соответствовал крейсеру 2-го класса. Первый в мире «25-узловый» многоцелевой крейсер (ближний эскадренный разведчик, «бронированный лидер миноносцев», контр-миноносец, миноносный крейсер-«охотник», способный самостоятельно искать, выбирать цель и атаковать её, высокопроизводительный постановщик минных заграждений в открытом море, а также пригодный для замены устаревших канонерских лодок) — предшественник подкласса «крейсер-скаут». Отличился в Русско-японской войне 1904—1905 годов. Своё название получил в память о корвете «Новик».
В 1904 году после битвы у Корсакова крейсер был затоплен экипажем. С 1906 года, после подъёма и восстановительного ремонта, находился в составе японского флота под названием «Судзуя».
Тактико-техническое задание (ТТЗ) на проектирование уникального экспериментального малого крейсера разработал русский Морской технический комитет (МТК) в рамках судостроительной программы 1898 года, «для нужд Дальнего Востока», с учётом эффективного боевого применения «малых» крейсеров «элсвикского типа» в японо-китайской войне 1894—1895 годов, общих тенденций последующего развития малых крейсеров, особенностей Дальневосточного театра, и под влиянием возникшей на этом фоне концепции «универсального безбронного судна», впервые обоснованной в 1895 году адмиралом С. О. Макаровым. Победа в предварительном конкурсном проектировании, последующее проектирование и постройка этого крейсера, в целом удовлетворяющего чрезвычайно противоречивым требованиям русского Адмиралтейства, явились значительным достижением германского крейсеростроения. По переработанным рабочим чертежам крейсера «Новик», на Невском заводе были построены два однотипных малых крейсера типа «Жемчуг» («Жемчуг» и «Изумруд»). Вопреки весьма неоднозначному отношению к проекту «Новик», на мировом уровне концепция развития подкласса «малый крейсер» возродилась после русско-японской войны и практически воплощалась ведущими морскими державами вплоть до начала 1-й мировой войны в качестве подклассов «крейсер-скаут» и «малый лёгкий крейсер».
Russian cruiser Novik.
Novík (Russian: Новик) was a protected cruiser in the Imperial Russian Navy, built by Schichau shipyards in Elbing near Danzig, Germany.
Novik was ordered as a part of a program to bolster the Russian Pacific Fleet with a 3000-ton class reconnaissance cruiser. Shipbuilders from several countries offered designs, and eventually the German shipbuilders Schichau-Werke, better known for its torpedo boats was selected. The new cruiser was launched on 2 August 1900 and her trials began on 2 May 1901. Some initial vibration problems were experienced with her screws, but testing was completed on 23 April 1902 with five test runs at an average speed of 25.08 knots. This made Novik one of the fastest cruisers in the world at the time, which so impressed the Russian naval leadership that a near copy was made in the Russian Izumrud class. On 15 May 1902, Novik was assigned to the Russian naval base at Kronstadt.
On 14 September 1902, Novik departed Kronstadt for the Pacific, via the Kiel Canal, stopping at Brest (5 October), Cadiz, Naples and Piraeus, where she rendezvoused with the battleship Imperator Nikolai-I. She departed Greece for Port Said on 11 December, but was forced to turn back due to severe weather, only transiting the Suez Canal on 20–21 December. Afterwards, she called on Jeddah, Djibouti, Aden, Colombo and Sabang, reaching Singapore on 28 February 1903, Manila, Shanghai and finally arriving at Port Arthur on 2 April 1903.
She was assigned to accompany the cruiser Askold to Japan from 26–29 May 1903 on a diplomatic mission, conveying Russian Minister of War Aleksey Kuropatkin to Kobe and Nagasaki, returning to Port Arthur from 12–13 June. She was then sent to Vladivostok over overhaul and dry-dock inspection from 23 July. As with other ships in the Pacific Fleet, she received a new dark olive paint scheme. She returned to Port Arthur in early September.
Russo-Japanese War
Novik suffered minor damage from an 8-inch shell, after she single-handedly pursued the attacking Japanese destroyers for nearly 30 miles on 9 February 1904, during the Battle of Port Arthur. Novik's commander, Captain Nikolai von Essen was one of the few ships in the Russian fleet to offer combat, and the only one to pursue the enemy, closing to within 3,000 yards of the Japanese squadron to deliver a torpedo, without effect. Novik's damage required nine days to repair.
On 10 March 1904, Admiral Makarov sortied in Novik as his flagship, from Port Arthur, along with the cruiser Bayan to rescue one his destroyers, then in hot combat with a Japanese destroyer, just outside of shore battery range. After three attempts, withdrawing each time to within shore battery protection, coupled with the arrival of Japanese Armored Cruisers, the Russian destroyer finally sank, and Makarov and Novik returned to Port Arthur.
On 13 April 1904, a similar incident occurred, the Torpedo Boat Destroyer Strashni was fighting Japanese Torpedo Boat Destroyers, and was in sinking condition, when the Russian cruiser Bayan showed up, which quickly caused the enemy destroyers to leave the area. But the Bayan also knew that the retreating Japanese destroyers were headed to their own Armored Cruisers. Bayan picked up some survivors, then just outside of Port Arthur met with Admiral Makarov aboard his flagship Petropavlovsk, along with cruisers the Novik, Askold, Diana, and the battleship Poltova just coming out of Port Arthur. Several minutes later the flagship struck three mines just outside the entrance to Port Arthur, and sank with great loss of life (including Admiral Makarov). The fleet then returned to the safe confines of Port Arthur.
On 23 June, Novik was again part of an unsuccessful attempted sortie from Port Arthur, this time under Makarov's successor, Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft.
On 10 August, the Russian fleet once more attempted to run the Japanese blockade of Port Arthur. In the resulting Battle of the Yellow Sea, most of the Russian ships returned to port but several managed to escape to be interned in various neutral ports. Novik was slightly damaged by three hits and two crewmen were killed. Novik reached the neutral German port of Tsingtao ; however, choosing to avoid internment, Commander von Schultz chose to outrace its Japanese pursuers around the Japanese home islands towards Vladivostok, hoping to join with the Russian cruiser squadron based there. Novik was pursued by the Japanese cruiser Tsushima, which was later joined by Chitose. Spotted by a Japanese transport ship while coaling at Sakhalin, Novik was trapped in Aniva Bay, and forced into the battle of Korsakov by Tsushima. Realizing that he was hopelessly outgunned and after sustaining five hits, three of them under the water line, von Schultz ordered Novik scuttled, intending to make salvage impossible.
